Friday, April 04, 2008
Tuesday, March 25, 2008
Tuesday, March 04, 2008
Friday, December 28, 2007
איכה רבה (וילנא) פתיחתות ד"ה כד רבי יוחנן
וכיון שנשרף אמר הקב"ה שוב אין לי מושב בארץ אסלק שכינתי ממנה ואעלה למכוני הראשון, הה"ד (הושע ב') אלכה ואשובה אל מקומי עד אשר יאשמו ובקשו פני, באותה שעה היה הקב"ה בוכה ואומר אוי לי מה עשיתי השריתי שכינתי למטה בשביל ישראל, ועכשיו שחטאו חזרתי למקומי הראשון, ח"ו שהייתי שחוק לגוים ולעג לבריות, באותה שעה בא מטטרון ונפל על פניו, ואמר לפניו רבש"ע אני אבכה ואתה לא תבכה, אמר לו אם אין אתה מניח לי לבכות עכשיו אכנס למקום שאין לך רשות ליכנס ואבכה, שנאמר (ירמיה י"ג) ואם לא תשמעוה במסתרים תבכה נפשי מפני גוה וגו'
When it was burnt, the Holy One, blessed be He, said, ' I no longer have a dwelling-place in this land; I will withdraw My Shechinah from it and ascend to My former habitation; so it is written, I will go and return to My place, till they acknowledge their guilt, and seek My face’ (Hos. V, 15). At that time the Holy One, blessed be He, wept and said, ‘Woe is Me! What have I done? I caused My Shechinah to dwell below on earth for the sake of Israel; but now that they have sinned, I have returned to My former habitation. Heaven forfend that I become a laughter to the nations and a byword to human beings! ' At that time Metatron came, fell upon his face, and spake before the Holy One, blessed be He: ‘Sovereign of the Universe, let me weep, but do Thou not weep.’ He replied to him, ' If thou lettest Me not weep now, I will repair to a place which thou hast not permission to enter, and will weep there,’ as it is said, But if ye will not hear it, My soul shall weep in secret for pride (Jer. XIII, 17)."
Source for this picture: http://www.othervoices.org/gpeaker/Passagenwerk.php
Friday, June 08, 2007
On Speaking Kindly
Vayikra Rabbah 33:1 (Behar)
Rabban Gamaliel said to Tavi his servant: ' Go and get me good food from the market.’ He went and bought him tongue. He said to him: ‘Go and get me bad food from the market.’ He went and bought him tongue. Said he to him: ‘What is this? When I told you to get good food you bought me tongue, and when I told you to get bad food you also bought me tongue! ' He replied: ' Good comes from it and bad comes from it. When the tongue is good there is nothing better, and when it is bad there is nothing worse.’
Rabi made a feast for his disciples and placed before them tender tongues and hard tongues. They began selecting the tender ones, leaving the hard ones alone. Said he to them: Note what you are doing! As you select the tender and leave the hard, so let your tongues be tender to one another
Accordingly Moshe admonishes Israel by saying: AND IF THOU SELL AUGHT... YE SHALL NOT WRONG ONE ANOTHER. (i.e. Moshe encourages the Israelites to be careful with what they say to each other)
(Translation, based on Judaica classics)
Vayikra Rabbah 33:1 (Behar)
Rabban Gamaliel said to Tavi his servant: ' Go and get me good food from the market.’ He went and bought him tongue. He said to him: ‘Go and get me bad food from the market.’ He went and bought him tongue. Said he to him: ‘What is this? When I told you to get good food you bought me tongue, and when I told you to get bad food you also bought me tongue! ' He replied: ' Good comes from it and bad comes from it. When the tongue is good there is nothing better, and when it is bad there is nothing worse.’
Rabi made a feast for his disciples and placed before them tender tongues and hard tongues. They began selecting the tender ones, leaving the hard ones alone. Said he to them: Note what you are doing! As you select the tender and leave the hard, so let your tongues be tender to one another
Accordingly Moshe admonishes Israel by saying: AND IF THOU SELL AUGHT... YE SHALL NOT WRONG ONE ANOTHER. (i.e. Moshe encourages the Israelites to be careful with what they say to each other)
(Translation, based on Judaica classics)
Friday, February 09, 2007
On Trying to Make the Bitter Sweet
Shemot Rabbah 43:3
The rabbis asked, "What does vayachal Moshe mean?" He made that which was bitter, sweet. Vayachal is language of sweetness. How is that? Rabbi Berechya in the name of R. Chiya bar Ada from Yafo in the name of R. Shmuel bar Nachman: when Israel came to Marah what is written there, (Shemot 15:23): "And when they came to Marah" Moshe began to criticize himself saying, "Why were these waters even created? What is their use in the world? It would have been better had they not been created." God knew what he was thinking in his heart, and so the Holy One Blessed be He said, "Don't say this, for are they not the work of my hand? Is there anything in the world that was created for no purpose? Rather, I will teach you what to say instead. Say this: Make the bitter, sweet." And from where do we know that the KBH said this? See what is written there: (Shemot 15:25) "Vayitzak Adonai v'yorayhu Adonai etz." And he cried to God . "Vayorayhu" tree. It is not written "vayAhrayhu," rather it is written "VayOrayhu." The language "VaYOrayhu" is the language of teaching, as it says (Mishlei 4:4) “God instructed me and said to me”—and it is written (Shemot 35:34) “and giving instructions, he put in his heart..”
So Moshe had learned something extremly profound, but he did not use it. And when did he use it? When Israel came to the desert and God wanted to destroy them, Moshe said to him, “Master of the universe, you wish to banish Israel, you want to destroy them from the world. But didn’t you teach me at Marah: that I should pray and say, ‘Make the bitter sweet.’ So now, sweeten the bitterness of Israel and heal them.” That is the meaning of Vayachal Moshe.
Why this text is beautiful: There is something wonderful about God insisting that even the things that seem to have no value in the world have value and that we shouldn't give up on anything. There is also something amazing about the way that Moshe is so upset about the waters-- and the way that the text says that "Moshe began to criticize himself" when the waters seemed bitter. It was as if he was giving up on himself and not just on the waters. God assures Moshe that everything would work out in the end.
And then, Moshe is able to remind God what God had taught him when God wanted to destroy the Israelites in the desert is just amazing. It says a lot about the truth of the goal of Judaism being to help make the world full of sweetness. And it says a lot about God that God would let his will be quieted by this reminder by Moshe.
Finally, it reminds us that trees should be used as a symbol that part of what we need to do in the world is find the good in everything, for it was a tree that Moshe threw into the water to make it drinkable for the Israelites.
Shemot Rabbah 43:3
The rabbis asked, "What does vayachal Moshe mean?" He made that which was bitter, sweet. Vayachal is language of sweetness. How is that? Rabbi Berechya in the name of R. Chiya bar Ada from Yafo in the name of R. Shmuel bar Nachman: when Israel came to Marah what is written there, (Shemot 15:23): "And when they came to Marah" Moshe began to criticize himself saying, "Why were these waters even created? What is their use in the world? It would have been better had they not been created." God knew what he was thinking in his heart, and so the Holy One Blessed be He said, "Don't say this, for are they not the work of my hand? Is there anything in the world that was created for no purpose? Rather, I will teach you what to say instead. Say this: Make the bitter, sweet." And from where do we know that the KBH said this? See what is written there: (Shemot 15:25) "Vayitzak Adonai v'yorayhu Adonai etz." And he cried to God . "Vayorayhu" tree. It is not written "vayAhrayhu," rather it is written "VayOrayhu." The language "VaYOrayhu" is the language of teaching, as it says (Mishlei 4:4) “God instructed me and said to me”—and it is written (Shemot 35:34) “and giving instructions, he put in his heart..”
So Moshe had learned something extremly profound, but he did not use it. And when did he use it? When Israel came to the desert and God wanted to destroy them, Moshe said to him, “Master of the universe, you wish to banish Israel, you want to destroy them from the world. But didn’t you teach me at Marah: that I should pray and say, ‘Make the bitter sweet.’ So now, sweeten the bitterness of Israel and heal them.” That is the meaning of Vayachal Moshe.
Why this text is beautiful: There is something wonderful about God insisting that even the things that seem to have no value in the world have value and that we shouldn't give up on anything. There is also something amazing about the way that Moshe is so upset about the waters-- and the way that the text says that "Moshe began to criticize himself" when the waters seemed bitter. It was as if he was giving up on himself and not just on the waters. God assures Moshe that everything would work out in the end.
And then, Moshe is able to remind God what God had taught him when God wanted to destroy the Israelites in the desert is just amazing. It says a lot about the truth of the goal of Judaism being to help make the world full of sweetness. And it says a lot about God that God would let his will be quieted by this reminder by Moshe.
Finally, it reminds us that trees should be used as a symbol that part of what we need to do in the world is find the good in everything, for it was a tree that Moshe threw into the water to make it drinkable for the Israelites.
Tuesday, December 12, 2006
On Being Afraid of Hurting Others
Bereshit Rabbah 76:2
R. Yehudah said in the name of R. Ilai: Aren’t fear and being scared the same thing? (I feel “being scared” is the best translation for “vayezter lo” rather than something like “And he was anxious.”) Rather (they refer to two different things), “And he was afraid”-- referred to him being afraid that he would kill, and “he was scared” that he would be killed.
He said, “If he is stronger than I am, then he will kill me. And if I am stronger than him, I will kill him. That is why it says, “And he was afraid”-- that he would have to kill. And “he was scared” that he would be killed.
Footnote:
(The footnote seeks to explain why Mirkin has pointed it the way that he did—why point the first verb as yaharog “to kill” and the second as yayhareg “to be killed”? What is at stake is what gets the “me-od” which indicates that which Ya’akov was more afraid of—killing or being killed? From the manuscript that he is using, I assume there are no hints to guide him—both verbs are spelled yud hay reish gimel.)
Translation of the footnote: Aren’t fear and “being scared” the same thing? So why does it say “he was afraid” and “he was scared?” Rather there are two matters here. First he was worried that he would have to kill Esav. And second he was scared about himself that he would be killed. But wouldn’t it be more fitting to connect “and he was fearful” that he would be killed and “he was scared” to “that he would have to kill”? (implying that the me-od should be attached to his worry that he would be killed—the thing he should be more scared of) Rather, maybe this is the way of the thoughts of a hero who goes out to war, that at first he sees himself being able to kill his enemy, but then after, he sees the worry in his heart that maybe the opposite will happen to him.
And maybe R. Yehudah in the name of R. Ilai was seeing it as a pious person would as he was a righteous person as it says in “B”K 103a” “It once happened with a certain pious man… (and that righteous person was either R. Yehudah or R. Ilai)” (A righteous person would think : ) The killing of another is more difficult than killing oneself.
In defense of this intepretation the Mirkin cites the Albeck and Yalkut Shemoni. In the Theodore “And he was fearful that he would have to kill and he was scared that he would be killed.” (The J. Theodore and C. Albeck edition have an extra yud in the first verb “vayira she lo yAyhareg (spelled with two yuds)” implying that the second verb must be “yaharog.”) And in the Yalkut “And he was fearful that he would have to kill and he was scared that he would be killed.—(The second verb is spelled with a vuv, forcing it to be read vayaharog and the second verb must conversely be read yayhareg.)
(Mirkin then offers the parallel for “If he is stronger that me, he will kill me…” in the Theodore/Albeck.)
“If he is stronger that I am”—in the Theodore: “If he is stronger that I, will he not kill me?!, and if I am stronger that him, will not kill him?!,”( in the language of surprise). And see what is there (Ayen mah yesh).
(One question is: Doesn’t this last part undo the suggestion that the first statement referred to worrying that he would “have to kill” and the second that he would “be killed?” For it clearly states that his first thought is that Esav might be stronger than he is and he would be killed-- in both the Margulies and the Theodore.)
In fact, in the end, in the Theodore/Albeck, the ayen mah yesh is that it inverts the two so that he is very fearful that he will be killed and he is scared that he will kill.
But the Mirkin retains the suggestion that he is more afraid to kill than he is to be killed.
Bereshit Rabbah 76:2
R. Yehudah said in the name of R. Ilai: Aren’t fear and being scared the same thing? (I feel “being scared” is the best translation for “vayezter lo” rather than something like “And he was anxious.”) Rather (they refer to two different things), “And he was afraid”-- referred to him being afraid that he would kill, and “he was scared” that he would be killed.
He said, “If he is stronger than I am, then he will kill me. And if I am stronger than him, I will kill him. That is why it says, “And he was afraid”-- that he would have to kill. And “he was scared” that he would be killed.
Footnote:
(The footnote seeks to explain why Mirkin has pointed it the way that he did—why point the first verb as yaharog “to kill” and the second as yayhareg “to be killed”? What is at stake is what gets the “me-od” which indicates that which Ya’akov was more afraid of—killing or being killed? From the manuscript that he is using, I assume there are no hints to guide him—both verbs are spelled yud hay reish gimel.)
Translation of the footnote: Aren’t fear and “being scared” the same thing? So why does it say “he was afraid” and “he was scared?” Rather there are two matters here. First he was worried that he would have to kill Esav. And second he was scared about himself that he would be killed. But wouldn’t it be more fitting to connect “and he was fearful” that he would be killed and “he was scared” to “that he would have to kill”? (implying that the me-od should be attached to his worry that he would be killed—the thing he should be more scared of) Rather, maybe this is the way of the thoughts of a hero who goes out to war, that at first he sees himself being able to kill his enemy, but then after, he sees the worry in his heart that maybe the opposite will happen to him.
And maybe R. Yehudah in the name of R. Ilai was seeing it as a pious person would as he was a righteous person as it says in “B”K 103a” “It once happened with a certain pious man… (and that righteous person was either R. Yehudah or R. Ilai)” (A righteous person would think : ) The killing of another is more difficult than killing oneself.
In defense of this intepretation the Mirkin cites the Albeck and Yalkut Shemoni. In the Theodore “And he was fearful that he would have to kill and he was scared that he would be killed.” (The J. Theodore and C. Albeck edition have an extra yud in the first verb “vayira she lo yAyhareg (spelled with two yuds)” implying that the second verb must be “yaharog.”) And in the Yalkut “And he was fearful that he would have to kill and he was scared that he would be killed.—(The second verb is spelled with a vuv, forcing it to be read vayaharog and the second verb must conversely be read yayhareg.)
(Mirkin then offers the parallel for “If he is stronger that me, he will kill me…” in the Theodore/Albeck.)
“If he is stronger that I am”—in the Theodore: “If he is stronger that I, will he not kill me?!, and if I am stronger that him, will not kill him?!,”( in the language of surprise). And see what is there (Ayen mah yesh).
(One question is: Doesn’t this last part undo the suggestion that the first statement referred to worrying that he would “have to kill” and the second that he would “be killed?” For it clearly states that his first thought is that Esav might be stronger than he is and he would be killed-- in both the Margulies and the Theodore.)
In fact, in the end, in the Theodore/Albeck, the ayen mah yesh is that it inverts the two so that he is very fearful that he will be killed and he is scared that he will kill.
But the Mirkin retains the suggestion that he is more afraid to kill than he is to be killed.
Wednesday, December 06, 2006
On the Different Ways that God Acts with People
This is a text from the Tanna d'bei Eliahu 1:3. It begins by quoting Tehilim (Psalms) and then asks for the meaning of the quote:
Psalms 139:16 'Your eyes saw my unformed substance; and in your book all things were written...' What does this text mean? In the future the Kadosh Baruch Hu will sit in his big Beit Midrash and the righteous will sit before him. And he will say to them, "My sons, in this one's generation, this is how he did Torah and this is how I did righteousness with him. And this person-- this is how he did Torah and this is how I did righteousness with him. However, I do not remember his sins and they do not arise in my mind as it says, "Remember not the former things, nor consider the things of old.," and it says "The former things shall not be remembered."
In order to understand how the drash insists that as opposed to good things that are recorded in God's book, their sins are not recorded by God, one has to look at the two pasukim in Isaiah. The first one says that God will not remember the "rishonot" or "former things." But how do we know that the former things are the sins and not the good things that people do? Because in Isaiah 65:17, it is mentioned again that the former things will not be remembered-- and it is clear by looking at the pasuk before that the former things are bad things-- it is "former troubles" that are forgotten.
See here:
Isaiah 65:16. So that he who blesses himself in the earth shall bless himself by the God of truth; and he who swears in the earth shall swear by the God of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they are hidden from my eyes.
17. For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former shall not be remembered, nor come to mind.
Therefore, what the Pasuk in Tehillim means is that the things that God records in his book are only the good things. The two psukim brought at the end of this text assure the reader that while the good is remembered, the bad is forgotten.
Why this text is beautiful: Because it stresses God's forgiving nature. Because the image of God sitting around the table with those who have acted dutifully is a wonderful image. Because it affirms that Torah in different eras is done differently and that it is the goal of people to reactivate Torah in their times.
This is a text from the Tanna d'bei Eliahu 1:3. It begins by quoting Tehilim (Psalms) and then asks for the meaning of the quote:
Psalms 139:16 'Your eyes saw my unformed substance; and in your book all things were written...' What does this text mean? In the future the Kadosh Baruch Hu will sit in his big Beit Midrash and the righteous will sit before him. And he will say to them, "My sons, in this one's generation, this is how he did Torah and this is how I did righteousness with him. And this person-- this is how he did Torah and this is how I did righteousness with him. However, I do not remember his sins and they do not arise in my mind as it says, "Remember not the former things, nor consider the things of old.," and it says "The former things shall not be remembered."
In order to understand how the drash insists that as opposed to good things that are recorded in God's book, their sins are not recorded by God, one has to look at the two pasukim in Isaiah. The first one says that God will not remember the "rishonot" or "former things." But how do we know that the former things are the sins and not the good things that people do? Because in Isaiah 65:17, it is mentioned again that the former things will not be remembered-- and it is clear by looking at the pasuk before that the former things are bad things-- it is "former troubles" that are forgotten.
See here:
Isaiah 65:16. So that he who blesses himself in the earth shall bless himself by the God of truth; and he who swears in the earth shall swear by the God of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they are hidden from my eyes.
17. For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former shall not be remembered, nor come to mind.
Therefore, what the Pasuk in Tehillim means is that the things that God records in his book are only the good things. The two psukim brought at the end of this text assure the reader that while the good is remembered, the bad is forgotten.
Why this text is beautiful: Because it stresses God's forgiving nature. Because the image of God sitting around the table with those who have acted dutifully is a wonderful image. Because it affirms that Torah in different eras is done differently and that it is the goal of people to reactivate Torah in their times.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)